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Linux kernel mirror (for testing) git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
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SPDX-License-Identifier: (BSD-2-Clause OR Apache-2.0) OR MIT//// Copyright 2019 The Fuchsia Authors//// Licensed under a BSD-style license <LICENSE-BSD>, Apache License, Version 2.0// <LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>, or the MIT// license <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option.// This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to// those terms.
//! Byte order-aware numeric primitives.//!//! This module contains equivalents of the native multi-byte integer types with//! no alignment requirement and supporting byte order conversions.//!//! For each native multi-byte integer type - `u16`, `i16`, `u32`, etc - and//! floating point type - `f32` and `f64` - an equivalent type is defined by//! this module - [`U16`], [`I16`], [`U32`], [`F32`], [`F64`], etc. Unlike their//! native counterparts, these types have alignment 1, and take a type parameter//! specifying the byte order in which the bytes are stored in memory. Each type//! implements this crate's relevant conversion and marker traits.//!//! These two properties, taken together, make these types useful for defining//! data structures whose memory layout matches a wire format such as that of a//! network protocol or a file format. Such formats often have multi-byte values//! at offsets that do not respect the alignment requirements of the equivalent//! native types, and stored in a byte order not necessarily the same as that of//! the target platform.//!//! Type aliases are provided for common byte orders in the [`big_endian`],//! [`little_endian`], [`network_endian`], and [`native_endian`] submodules.//! Note that network-endian is a synonym for big-endian.//!//! # Example//!//! One use of these types is for representing network packet formats, such as//! UDP://!//! ```rust//! use zerocopy::{*, byteorder::network_endian::U16};//! # use zerocopy_derive::*;//!//! #[derive(FromBytes, IntoBytes, KnownLayout, Immutable, Unaligned)]//! #[repr(C)]//! struct UdpHeader {//! src_port: U16,//! dst_port: U16,//! length: U16,//! checksum: U16,//! }//!//! #[derive(FromBytes, IntoBytes, KnownLayout, Immutable, Unaligned)]//! #[repr(C, packed)]//! struct UdpPacket {//! header: UdpHeader,//! body: [u8],//! }//!//! impl UdpPacket {//! fn parse(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<&UdpPacket> {//! UdpPacket::ref_from_bytes(bytes).ok()//! }//! }//! ```
use core::{ convert::{TryFrom, TryInto}, fmt::{Binary, Debug, LowerHex, Octal, UpperHex}, hash::Hash, num::TryFromIntError,};
use super::*;
/// A type-level representation of byte order.////// This type is implemented by [`BigEndian`] and [`LittleEndian`], which/// represent big-endian and little-endian byte order respectively. This module/// also provides a number of useful aliases for those types: [`NativeEndian`],/// [`NetworkEndian`], [`BE`], and [`LE`].////// `ByteOrder` types can be used to specify the byte order of the types in this/// module - for example, [`U32<BigEndian>`] is a 32-bit integer stored in/// big-endian byte order.////// [`U32<BigEndian>`]: U32pub trait ByteOrder: Copy + Clone + Debug + Display + Eq + PartialEq + Ord + PartialOrd + Hash + private::Sealed{ #[doc(hidden)] const ORDER: Order;}
mod private { pub trait Sealed {}
impl Sealed for super::BigEndian {} impl Sealed for super::LittleEndian {}}
#[allow(missing_copy_implementations, missing_debug_implementations)]#[doc(hidden)]#[derive(PartialEq)]pub enum Order { BigEndian, LittleEndian,}
/// Big-endian byte order.////// See [`ByteOrder`] for more details.#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]pub enum BigEndian {}
impl ByteOrder for BigEndian { const ORDER: Order = Order::BigEndian;}
impl Display for BigEndian { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, _: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match *self {} }}
/// Little-endian byte order.////// See [`ByteOrder`] for more details.#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]pub enum LittleEndian {}
impl ByteOrder for LittleEndian { const ORDER: Order = Order::LittleEndian;}
impl Display for LittleEndian { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, _: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match *self {} }}
/// The endianness used by this platform.////// This is a type alias for [`BigEndian`] or [`LittleEndian`] depending on the/// endianness of the target platform.#[cfg(target_endian = "big")]pub type NativeEndian = BigEndian;
/// The endianness used by this platform.////// This is a type alias for [`BigEndian`] or [`LittleEndian`] depending on the/// endianness of the target platform.#[cfg(target_endian = "little")]pub type NativeEndian = LittleEndian;
/// The endianness used in many network protocols.////// This is a type alias for [`BigEndian`].pub type NetworkEndian = BigEndian;
/// A type alias for [`BigEndian`].pub type BE = BigEndian;
/// A type alias for [`LittleEndian`].pub type LE = LittleEndian;
macro_rules! impl_dbg_trait { ($name:ident, $native:ident) => { impl<O: ByteOrder> Debug for $name<O> { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { // This results in a format like "U16(42)". f.debug_tuple(stringify!($name)).field(&self.get()).finish() } } };}
macro_rules! impl_dbg_traits { ($name:ident, $native:ident, "floating point number") => { #[cfg(not(no_fp_fmt_parse))] impl_dbg_trait!($name, $native);
#[cfg(no_fp_fmt_parse)] impl<O: ByteOrder> Debug for $name<O> { #[inline] fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { panic!("floating point support is turned off"); } } }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, "unsigned integer") => { impl_dbg_traits!($name, $native, @all_types); }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, "signed integer") => { impl_dbg_traits!($name, $native, @all_types); }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, @all_types) => { impl_dbg_trait!($name, $native); };}
macro_rules! impl_fmt_trait { ($name:ident, $native:ident, $trait:ident) => { impl<O: ByteOrder> $trait for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { $trait::fmt(&self.get(), f) } } };}
macro_rules! impl_fmt_traits { ($name:ident, $native:ident, "floating point number") => { #[cfg(not(no_fp_fmt_parse))] impl_fmt_trait!($name, $native, Display); }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, "unsigned integer") => { impl_fmt_traits!($name, $native, @all_types); }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, "signed integer") => { impl_fmt_traits!($name, $native, @all_types); }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, @all_types) => { impl_fmt_trait!($name, $native, Display); impl_fmt_trait!($name, $native, Octal); impl_fmt_trait!($name, $native, LowerHex); impl_fmt_trait!($name, $native, UpperHex); impl_fmt_trait!($name, $native, Binary); };}
macro_rules! impl_ops_traits { ($name:ident, $native:ident, "floating point number") => { impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, @all_types); impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, @signed_integer_floating_point);
impl<O: ByteOrder> PartialOrd for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> { self.get().partial_cmp(&other.get()) } } }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, "unsigned integer") => { impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, @signed_unsigned_integer); impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, @all_types); }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, "signed integer") => { impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, @signed_unsigned_integer); impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, @signed_integer_floating_point); impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, @all_types); }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, @signed_unsigned_integer) => { impl_ops_traits!(@without_byteorder_swap $name, $native, BitAnd, bitand, BitAndAssign, bitand_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@without_byteorder_swap $name, $native, BitOr, bitor, BitOrAssign, bitor_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@without_byteorder_swap $name, $native, BitXor, bitxor, BitXorAssign, bitxor_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@with_byteorder_swap $name, $native, Shl, shl, ShlAssign, shl_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@with_byteorder_swap $name, $native, Shr, shr, ShrAssign, shr_assign);
impl<O> core::ops::Not for $name<O> { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn not(self) -> $name<O> { let self_native = $native::from_ne_bytes(self.0); $name((!self_native).to_ne_bytes(), PhantomData) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> PartialOrd for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> { Some(self.cmp(other)) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> Ord for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering { self.get().cmp(&other.get()) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> PartialOrd<$native> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &$native) -> Option<Ordering> { self.get().partial_cmp(other) } } }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, @signed_integer_floating_point) => { impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::Neg for $name<O> { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn neg(self) -> $name<O> { let self_native: $native = self.get(); #[allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)] $name::<O>::new(-self_native) } } }; ($name:ident, $native:ident, @all_types) => { impl_ops_traits!(@with_byteorder_swap $name, $native, Add, add, AddAssign, add_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@with_byteorder_swap $name, $native, Div, div, DivAssign, div_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@with_byteorder_swap $name, $native, Mul, mul, MulAssign, mul_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@with_byteorder_swap $name, $native, Rem, rem, RemAssign, rem_assign); impl_ops_traits!(@with_byteorder_swap $name, $native, Sub, sub, SubAssign, sub_assign); }; (@with_byteorder_swap $name:ident, $native:ident, $trait:ident, $method:ident, $trait_assign:ident, $method_assign:ident) => { impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait<$name<O>> for $name<O> { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn $method(self, rhs: $name<O>) -> $name<O> { let self_native: $native = self.get(); let rhs_native: $native = rhs.get(); let result_native = core::ops::$trait::$method(self_native, rhs_native); $name::<O>::new(result_native) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait<$name<O>> for $native { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn $method(self, rhs: $name<O>) -> $name<O> { let rhs_native: $native = rhs.get(); let result_native = core::ops::$trait::$method(self, rhs_native); $name::<O>::new(result_native) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait<$native> for $name<O> { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn $method(self, rhs: $native) -> $name<O> { let self_native: $native = self.get(); let result_native = core::ops::$trait::$method(self_native, rhs); $name::<O>::new(result_native) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait_assign<$name<O>> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn $method_assign(&mut self, rhs: $name<O>) { *self = core::ops::$trait::$method(*self, rhs); } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait_assign<$name<O>> for $native { #[inline(always)] fn $method_assign(&mut self, rhs: $name<O>) { let rhs_native: $native = rhs.get(); *self = core::ops::$trait::$method(*self, rhs_native); } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait_assign<$native> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn $method_assign(&mut self, rhs: $native) { *self = core::ops::$trait::$method(*self, rhs); } } }; // Implement traits in terms of the same trait on the native type, but // without performing a byte order swap when both operands are byteorder // types. This only works for bitwise operations like `&`, `|`, etc. // // When only one operand is a byteorder type, we still need to perform a // byteorder swap. (@without_byteorder_swap $name:ident, $native:ident, $trait:ident, $method:ident, $trait_assign:ident, $method_assign:ident) => { impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait<$name<O>> for $name<O> { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn $method(self, rhs: $name<O>) -> $name<O> { let self_native = $native::from_ne_bytes(self.0); let rhs_native = $native::from_ne_bytes(rhs.0); let result_native = core::ops::$trait::$method(self_native, rhs_native); $name(result_native.to_ne_bytes(), PhantomData) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait<$name<O>> for $native { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn $method(self, rhs: $name<O>) -> $name<O> { // No runtime cost - just byte packing let rhs_native = $native::from_ne_bytes(rhs.0); // (Maybe) runtime cost - byte order swap let slf_byteorder = $name::<O>::new(self); // No runtime cost - just byte packing let slf_native = $native::from_ne_bytes(slf_byteorder.0); // Runtime cost - perform the operation let result_native = core::ops::$trait::$method(slf_native, rhs_native); // No runtime cost - just byte unpacking $name(result_native.to_ne_bytes(), PhantomData) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait<$native> for $name<O> { type Output = $name<O>;
#[inline(always)] fn $method(self, rhs: $native) -> $name<O> { // (Maybe) runtime cost - byte order swap let rhs_byteorder = $name::<O>::new(rhs); // No runtime cost - just byte packing let rhs_native = $native::from_ne_bytes(rhs_byteorder.0); // No runtime cost - just byte packing let slf_native = $native::from_ne_bytes(self.0); // Runtime cost - perform the operation let result_native = core::ops::$trait::$method(slf_native, rhs_native); // No runtime cost - just byte unpacking $name(result_native.to_ne_bytes(), PhantomData) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait_assign<$name<O>> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn $method_assign(&mut self, rhs: $name<O>) { *self = core::ops::$trait::$method(*self, rhs); } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait_assign<$name<O>> for $native { #[inline(always)] fn $method_assign(&mut self, rhs: $name<O>) { // (Maybe) runtime cost - byte order swap let rhs_native = rhs.get(); // Runtime cost - perform the operation *self = core::ops::$trait::$method(*self, rhs_native); } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> core::ops::$trait_assign<$native> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn $method_assign(&mut self, rhs: $native) { *self = core::ops::$trait::$method(*self, rhs); } } };}
macro_rules! doc_comment { ($x:expr, $($tt:tt)*) => { #[doc = $x] $($tt)* };}
macro_rules! define_max_value_constant { ($name:ident, $bytes:expr, "unsigned integer") => { /// The maximum value. /// /// This constant should be preferred to constructing a new value using /// `new`, as `new` may perform an endianness swap depending on the /// endianness `O` and the endianness of the platform. pub const MAX_VALUE: $name<O> = $name([0xFFu8; $bytes], PhantomData); }; // We don't provide maximum and minimum value constants for signed values // and floats because there's no way to do it generically - it would require // a different value depending on the value of the `ByteOrder` type // parameter. Currently, one workaround would be to provide implementations // for concrete implementations of that trait. In the long term, if we are // ever able to make the `new` constructor a const fn, we could use that // instead. ($name:ident, $bytes:expr, "signed integer") => {}; ($name:ident, $bytes:expr, "floating point number") => {};}
macro_rules! define_type { ( $article:ident, $description:expr, $name:ident, $native:ident, $bits:expr, $bytes:expr, $from_be_fn:path, $to_be_fn:path, $from_le_fn:path, $to_le_fn:path, $number_kind:tt, [$($larger_native:ty),*], [$($larger_native_try:ty),*], [$($larger_byteorder:ident),*], [$($larger_byteorder_try:ident),*] ) => { doc_comment! { concat!($description, " stored in a given byte order.
`", stringify!($name), "` is like the native `", stringify!($native), "` type withtwo major differences: First, it has no alignment requirement (its alignment is 1).Second, the endianness of its memory layout is given by the type parameter `O`,which can be any type which implements [`ByteOrder`]. In particular, this refersto [`BigEndian`], [`LittleEndian`], [`NativeEndian`], and [`NetworkEndian`].
", stringify!($article), " `", stringify!($name), "` can be constructed usingthe [`new`] method, and its contained value can be obtained as a native`",stringify!($native), "` using the [`get`] method, or updated in place withthe [`set`] method. In all cases, if the endianness `O` is not the same as theendianness of the current platform, an endianness swap will be performed inorder to uphold the invariants that a) the layout of `", stringify!($name), "`has endianness `O` and that, b) the layout of `", stringify!($native), "` hasthe platform's native endianness.
`", stringify!($name), "` implements [`FromBytes`], [`IntoBytes`], and [`Unaligned`],making it useful for parsing and serialization. See the module documentation for anexample of how it can be used for parsing UDP packets.
[`new`]: crate::byteorder::", stringify!($name), "::new[`get`]: crate::byteorder::", stringify!($name), "::get[`set`]: crate::byteorder::", stringify!($name), "::set[`FromBytes`]: crate::FromBytes[`IntoBytes`]: crate::IntoBytes[`Unaligned`]: crate::Unaligned"), #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)] #[cfg_attr(any(feature = "derive", test), derive(KnownLayout, Immutable, FromBytes, IntoBytes, Unaligned))] #[repr(transparent)] pub struct $name<O>([u8; $bytes], PhantomData<O>); }
#[cfg(not(any(feature = "derive", test)))] impl_known_layout!(O => $name<O>);
#[allow(unused_unsafe)] // Unused when `feature = "derive"`. // SAFETY: `$name<O>` is `repr(transparent)`, and so it has the same // layout as its only non-zero field, which is a `u8` array. `u8` arrays // are `Immutable`, `TryFromBytes`, `FromZeros`, `FromBytes`, // `IntoBytes`, and `Unaligned`. #[allow(clippy::multiple_unsafe_ops_per_block)] const _: () = unsafe { impl_or_verify!(O => Immutable for $name<O>); impl_or_verify!(O => TryFromBytes for $name<O>); impl_or_verify!(O => FromZeros for $name<O>); impl_or_verify!(O => FromBytes for $name<O>); impl_or_verify!(O => IntoBytes for $name<O>); impl_or_verify!(O => Unaligned for $name<O>); };
impl<O> Default for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn default() -> $name<O> { $name::ZERO } }
impl<O> $name<O> { /// The value zero. /// /// This constant should be preferred to constructing a new value /// using `new`, as `new` may perform an endianness swap depending /// on the endianness and platform. pub const ZERO: $name<O> = $name([0u8; $bytes], PhantomData);
define_max_value_constant!($name, $bytes, $number_kind);
/// Constructs a new value from bytes which are already in `O` byte /// order. #[must_use = "has no side effects"] #[inline(always)] pub const fn from_bytes(bytes: [u8; $bytes]) -> $name<O> { $name(bytes, PhantomData) }
/// Extracts the bytes of `self` without swapping the byte order. /// /// The returned bytes will be in `O` byte order. #[must_use = "has no side effects"] #[inline(always)] pub const fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; $bytes] { self.0 } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> $name<O> { maybe_const_trait_bounded_fn! { /// Constructs a new value, possibly performing an endianness /// swap to guarantee that the returned value has endianness /// `O`. #[must_use = "has no side effects"] #[inline(always)] pub const fn new(n: $native) -> $name<O> { let bytes = match O::ORDER { Order::BigEndian => $to_be_fn(n), Order::LittleEndian => $to_le_fn(n), };
$name(bytes, PhantomData) } }
maybe_const_trait_bounded_fn! { /// Returns the value as a primitive type, possibly performing /// an endianness swap to guarantee that the return value has /// the endianness of the native platform. #[must_use = "has no side effects"] #[inline(always)] pub const fn get(self) -> $native { match O::ORDER { Order::BigEndian => $from_be_fn(self.0), Order::LittleEndian => $from_le_fn(self.0), } } }
/// Updates the value in place as a primitive type, possibly /// performing an endianness swap to guarantee that the stored value /// has the endianness `O`. #[inline(always)] pub fn set(&mut self, n: $native) { *self = Self::new(n); } }
// The reasoning behind which traits to implement here is to only // implement traits which won't cause inference issues. Notably, // comparison traits like PartialEq and PartialOrd tend to cause // inference issues.
impl<O: ByteOrder> From<$name<O>> for [u8; $bytes] { #[inline(always)] fn from(x: $name<O>) -> [u8; $bytes] { x.0 } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> From<[u8; $bytes]> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn from(bytes: [u8; $bytes]) -> $name<O> { $name(bytes, PhantomData) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> From<$name<O>> for $native { #[inline(always)] fn from(x: $name<O>) -> $native { x.get() } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> From<$native> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn from(x: $native) -> $name<O> { $name::new(x) } }
$( impl<O: ByteOrder> From<$name<O>> for $larger_native { #[inline(always)] fn from(x: $name<O>) -> $larger_native { x.get().into() } } )*
$( impl<O: ByteOrder> TryFrom<$larger_native_try> for $name<O> { type Error = TryFromIntError; #[inline(always)] fn try_from(x: $larger_native_try) -> Result<$name<O>, TryFromIntError> { $native::try_from(x).map($name::new) } } )*
$( impl<O: ByteOrder, P: ByteOrder> From<$name<O>> for $larger_byteorder<P> { #[inline(always)] fn from(x: $name<O>) -> $larger_byteorder<P> { $larger_byteorder::new(x.get().into()) } } )*
$( impl<O: ByteOrder, P: ByteOrder> TryFrom<$larger_byteorder_try<P>> for $name<O> { type Error = TryFromIntError; #[inline(always)] fn try_from(x: $larger_byteorder_try<P>) -> Result<$name<O>, TryFromIntError> { x.get().try_into().map($name::new) } } )*
impl<O> AsRef<[u8; $bytes]> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8; $bytes] { &self.0 } }
impl<O> AsMut<[u8; $bytes]> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8; $bytes] { &mut self.0 } }
impl<O> PartialEq<$name<O>> for [u8; $bytes] { #[inline(always)] fn eq(&self, other: &$name<O>) -> bool { self.eq(&other.0) } }
impl<O> PartialEq<[u8; $bytes]> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn eq(&self, other: &[u8; $bytes]) -> bool { self.0.eq(other) } }
impl<O: ByteOrder> PartialEq<$native> for $name<O> { #[inline(always)] fn eq(&self, other: &$native) -> bool { self.get().eq(other) } }
impl_dbg_traits!($name, $native, $number_kind); impl_fmt_traits!($name, $native, $number_kind); impl_ops_traits!($name, $native, $number_kind); };}
define_type!( A, "A 16-bit unsigned integer", U16, u16, 16, 2, u16::from_be_bytes, u16::to_be_bytes, u16::from_le_bytes, u16::to_le_bytes, "unsigned integer", [u32, u64, u128, usize], [u32, u64, u128, usize], [U32, U64, U128, Usize], [U32, U64, U128, Usize]);define_type!( A, "A 32-bit unsigned integer", U32, u32, 32, 4, u32::from_be_bytes, u32::to_be_bytes, u32::from_le_bytes, u32::to_le_bytes, "unsigned integer", [u64, u128], [u64, u128], [U64, U128], [U64, U128]);define_type!( A, "A 64-bit unsigned integer", U64, u64, 64, 8, u64::from_be_bytes, u64::to_be_bytes, u64::from_le_bytes, u64::to_le_bytes, "unsigned integer", [u128], [u128], [U128], [U128]);define_type!( A, "A 128-bit unsigned integer", U128, u128, 128, 16, u128::from_be_bytes, u128::to_be_bytes, u128::from_le_bytes, u128::to_le_bytes, "unsigned integer", [], [], [], []);define_type!( A, "A word-sized unsigned integer", Usize, usize, mem::size_of::<usize>() * 8, mem::size_of::<usize>(), usize::from_be_bytes, usize::to_be_bytes, usize::from_le_bytes, usize::to_le_bytes, "unsigned integer", [], [], [], []);define_type!( An, "A 16-bit signed integer", I16, i16, 16, 2, i16::from_be_bytes, i16::to_be_bytes, i16::from_le_bytes, i16::to_le_bytes, "signed integer", [i32, i64, i128, isize], [i32, i64, i128, isize], [I32, I64, I128, Isize], [I32, I64, I128, Isize]);define_type!( An, "A 32-bit signed integer", I32, i32, 32, 4, i32::from_be_bytes, i32::to_be_bytes, i32::from_le_bytes, i32::to_le_bytes, "signed integer", [i64, i128], [i64, i128], [I64, I128], [I64, I128]);define_type!( An, "A 64-bit signed integer", I64, i64, 64, 8, i64::from_be_bytes, i64::to_be_bytes, i64::from_le_bytes, i64::to_le_bytes, "signed integer", [i128], [i128], [I128], [I128]);define_type!( An, "A 128-bit signed integer", I128, i128, 128, 16, i128::from_be_bytes, i128::to_be_bytes, i128::from_le_bytes, i128::to_le_bytes, "signed integer", [], [], [], []);define_type!( An, "A word-sized signed integer", Isize, isize, mem::size_of::<isize>() * 8, mem::size_of::<isize>(), isize::from_be_bytes, isize::to_be_bytes, isize::from_le_bytes, isize::to_le_bytes, "signed integer", [], [], [], []);
// FIXME(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/72447): Use the endianness// conversion methods directly once those are const-stable.macro_rules! define_float_conversion { ($ty:ty, $bits:ident, $bytes:expr, $mod:ident) => { mod $mod { use super::*;
define_float_conversion!($ty, $bits, $bytes, from_be_bytes, to_be_bytes); define_float_conversion!($ty, $bits, $bytes, from_le_bytes, to_le_bytes); } }; ($ty:ty, $bits:ident, $bytes:expr, $from:ident, $to:ident) => { // Clippy: The suggestion of using `from_bits()` instead doesn't work // because `from_bits` is not const-stable on our MSRV. #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_transmutes)] pub(crate) const fn $from(bytes: [u8; $bytes]) -> $ty { transmute!($bits::$from(bytes)) }
pub(crate) const fn $to(f: $ty) -> [u8; $bytes] { // Clippy: The suggestion of using `f.to_bits()` instead doesn't // work because `to_bits` is not const-stable on our MSRV. #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_transmutes)] let bits: $bits = transmute!(f); bits.$to() } };}
define_float_conversion!(f32, u32, 4, f32_ext);define_float_conversion!(f64, u64, 8, f64_ext);
define_type!( An, "A 32-bit floating point number", F32, f32, 32, 4, f32_ext::from_be_bytes, f32_ext::to_be_bytes, f32_ext::from_le_bytes, f32_ext::to_le_bytes, "floating point number", [f64], [], [F64], []);define_type!( An, "A 64-bit floating point number", F64, f64, 64, 8, f64_ext::from_be_bytes, f64_ext::to_be_bytes, f64_ext::from_le_bytes, f64_ext::to_le_bytes, "floating point number", [], [], [], []);
macro_rules! module { ($name:ident, $trait:ident, $endianness_str:expr) => { /// Numeric primitives stored in #[doc = $endianness_str] /// byte order. pub mod $name { use super::$trait;
module!(@ty U16, $trait, "16-bit unsigned integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty U32, $trait, "32-bit unsigned integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty U64, $trait, "64-bit unsigned integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty U128, $trait, "128-bit unsigned integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty I16, $trait, "16-bit signed integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty I32, $trait, "32-bit signed integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty I64, $trait, "64-bit signed integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty I128, $trait, "128-bit signed integer", $endianness_str); module!(@ty F32, $trait, "32-bit floating point number", $endianness_str); module!(@ty F64, $trait, "64-bit floating point number", $endianness_str); } }; (@ty $ty:ident, $trait:ident, $desc_str:expr, $endianness_str:expr) => { /// A #[doc = $desc_str] /// stored in #[doc = $endianness_str] /// byte order. pub type $ty = crate::byteorder::$ty<$trait>; };}
module!(big_endian, BigEndian, "big-endian");module!(little_endian, LittleEndian, "little-endian");module!(network_endian, NetworkEndian, "network-endian");module!(native_endian, NativeEndian, "native-endian");
#[cfg(any(test, kani))]mod tests { use super::*;
#[cfg(not(kani))] mod compatibility { pub(super) use rand::{ distributions::{Distribution, Standard}, rngs::SmallRng, Rng, SeedableRng, };
pub(crate) trait Arbitrary {}
impl<T> Arbitrary for T {} }
#[cfg(kani)] mod compatibility { pub(crate) use kani::Arbitrary;
pub(crate) struct SmallRng;
impl SmallRng { pub(crate) fn seed_from_u64(_state: u64) -> Self { Self } }
pub(crate) trait Rng { fn sample<T, D: Distribution<T>>(&mut self, _distr: D) -> T where T: Arbitrary, { kani::any() } }
impl Rng for SmallRng {}
pub(crate) trait Distribution<T> {} impl<T, U> Distribution<T> for U {}
pub(crate) struct Standard; }
use compatibility::*;
// A native integer type (u16, i32, etc). trait Native: Arbitrary + FromBytes + IntoBytes + Immutable + Copy + PartialEq + Debug { const ZERO: Self; const MAX_VALUE: Self;
type Distribution: Distribution<Self>; const DIST: Self::Distribution;
fn rand<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self { rng.sample(Self::DIST) }
#[cfg_attr(kani, allow(unused))] fn checked_add(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self>;
#[cfg_attr(kani, allow(unused))] fn checked_div(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self>;
#[cfg_attr(kani, allow(unused))] fn checked_mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self>;
#[cfg_attr(kani, allow(unused))] fn checked_rem(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self>;
#[cfg_attr(kani, allow(unused))] fn checked_sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self>;
#[cfg_attr(kani, allow(unused))] fn checked_shl(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self>;
#[cfg_attr(kani, allow(unused))] fn checked_shr(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self>;
fn is_nan(self) -> bool;
/// For `f32` and `f64`, NaN values are not considered equal to /// themselves. This method is like `assert_eq!`, but it treats NaN /// values as equal. fn assert_eq_or_nan(self, other: Self) { let slf = (!self.is_nan()).then(|| self); let other = (!other.is_nan()).then(|| other); assert_eq!(slf, other); } }
trait ByteArray: FromBytes + IntoBytes + Immutable + Copy + AsRef<[u8]> + AsMut<[u8]> + Debug + Default + Eq { /// Invert the order of the bytes in the array. fn invert(self) -> Self; }
trait ByteOrderType: FromBytes + IntoBytes + Unaligned + Copy + Eq + Debug + Hash + From<Self::Native> { type Native: Native; type ByteArray: ByteArray;
const ZERO: Self;
fn new(native: Self::Native) -> Self; fn get(self) -> Self::Native; fn set(&mut self, native: Self::Native); fn from_bytes(bytes: Self::ByteArray) -> Self; fn into_bytes(self) -> Self::ByteArray;
/// For `f32` and `f64`, NaN values are not considered equal to /// themselves. This method is like `assert_eq!`, but it treats NaN /// values as equal. fn assert_eq_or_nan(self, other: Self) { let slf = (!self.get().is_nan()).then(|| self); let other = (!other.get().is_nan()).then(|| other); assert_eq!(slf, other); } }
trait ByteOrderTypeUnsigned: ByteOrderType { const MAX_VALUE: Self; }
macro_rules! impl_byte_array { ($bytes:expr) => { impl ByteArray for [u8; $bytes] { fn invert(mut self) -> [u8; $bytes] { self.reverse(); self } } }; }
impl_byte_array!(2); impl_byte_array!(4); impl_byte_array!(8); impl_byte_array!(16);
macro_rules! impl_byte_order_type_unsigned { ($name:ident, unsigned) => { impl<O: ByteOrder> ByteOrderTypeUnsigned for $name<O> { const MAX_VALUE: $name<O> = $name::MAX_VALUE; } }; ($name:ident, signed) => {}; }
macro_rules! impl_traits { ($name:ident, $native:ident, $sign:ident $(, @$float:ident)?) => { impl Native for $native { // For some types, `0 as $native` is required (for example, when // `$native` is a floating-point type; `0` is an integer), but // for other types, it's a trivial cast. In all cases, Clippy // thinks it's dangerous. #[allow(trivial_numeric_casts, clippy::as_conversions)] const ZERO: $native = 0 as $native; const MAX_VALUE: $native = $native::MAX;
type Distribution = Standard; const DIST: Standard = Standard;
impl_traits!(@float_dependent_methods $(@$float)?); }
impl<O: ByteOrder> ByteOrderType for $name<O> { type Native = $native; type ByteArray = [u8; mem::size_of::<$native>()];
const ZERO: $name<O> = $name::ZERO;
fn new(native: $native) -> $name<O> { $name::new(native) }
fn get(self) -> $native { $name::get(self) }
fn set(&mut self, native: $native) { $name::set(self, native) }
fn from_bytes(bytes: [u8; mem::size_of::<$native>()]) -> $name<O> { $name::from(bytes) }
fn into_bytes(self) -> [u8; mem::size_of::<$native>()] { <[u8; mem::size_of::<$native>()]>::from(self) } }
impl_byte_order_type_unsigned!($name, $sign); }; (@float_dependent_methods) => { fn checked_add(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { self.checked_add(rhs) } fn checked_div(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { self.checked_div(rhs) } fn checked_mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { self.checked_mul(rhs) } fn checked_rem(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { self.checked_rem(rhs) } fn checked_sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { self.checked_sub(rhs) } fn checked_shl(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { self.checked_shl(rhs.try_into().unwrap_or(u32::MAX)) } fn checked_shr(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { self.checked_shr(rhs.try_into().unwrap_or(u32::MAX)) } fn is_nan(self) -> bool { false } }; (@float_dependent_methods @float) => { fn checked_add(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { Some(self + rhs) } fn checked_div(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { Some(self / rhs) } fn checked_mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { Some(self * rhs) } fn checked_rem(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { Some(self % rhs) } fn checked_sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { Some(self - rhs) } fn checked_shl(self, _rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { unimplemented!() } fn checked_shr(self, _rhs: Self) -> Option<Self> { unimplemented!() } fn is_nan(self) -> bool { self.is_nan() } }; }
impl_traits!(U16, u16, unsigned); impl_traits!(U32, u32, unsigned); impl_traits!(U64, u64, unsigned); impl_traits!(U128, u128, unsigned); impl_traits!(Usize, usize, unsigned); impl_traits!(I16, i16, signed); impl_traits!(I32, i32, signed); impl_traits!(I64, i64, signed); impl_traits!(I128, i128, signed); impl_traits!(Isize, isize, unsigned); impl_traits!(F32, f32, signed, @float); impl_traits!(F64, f64, signed, @float);
macro_rules! call_for_unsigned_types { ($fn:ident, $byteorder:ident) => { $fn::<U16<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<U32<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<U64<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<U128<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<Usize<$byteorder>>(); }; }
macro_rules! call_for_signed_types { ($fn:ident, $byteorder:ident) => { $fn::<I16<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<I32<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<I64<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<I128<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<Isize<$byteorder>>(); }; }
macro_rules! call_for_float_types { ($fn:ident, $byteorder:ident) => { $fn::<F32<$byteorder>>(); $fn::<F64<$byteorder>>(); }; }
macro_rules! call_for_all_types { ($fn:ident, $byteorder:ident) => { call_for_unsigned_types!($fn, $byteorder); call_for_signed_types!($fn, $byteorder); call_for_float_types!($fn, $byteorder); }; }
#[cfg(target_endian = "big")] type NonNativeEndian = LittleEndian; #[cfg(target_endian = "little")] type NonNativeEndian = BigEndian;
// We use a `u64` seed so that we can use `SeedableRng::seed_from_u64`. // `SmallRng`'s `SeedableRng::Seed` differs by platform, so if we wanted to // call `SeedableRng::from_seed`, which takes a `Seed`, we would need // conditional compilation by `target_pointer_width`. const RNG_SEED: u64 = 0x7A03CAE2F32B5B8F;
const RAND_ITERS: usize = if cfg!(any(miri, kani)) { // The tests below which use this constant used to take a very long time // on Miri, which slows down local development and CI jobs. We're not // using Miri to check for the correctness of our code, but rather its // soundness, and at least in the context of these particular tests, a // single loop iteration is just as good for surfacing UB as multiple // iterations are. // // As of the writing of this comment, here's one set of measurements: // // $ # RAND_ITERS == 1 // $ cargo miri test -- -Z unstable-options --report-time endian // test byteorder::tests::test_native_endian ... ok <0.049s> // test byteorder::tests::test_non_native_endian ... ok <0.061s> // // $ # RAND_ITERS == 1024 // $ cargo miri test -- -Z unstable-options --report-time endian // test byteorder::tests::test_native_endian ... ok <25.716s> // test byteorder::tests::test_non_native_endian ... ok <38.127s> 1 } else { 1024 };
#[test] fn test_const_methods() { use big_endian::*;
#[rustversion::since(1.61.0)] const _U: U16 = U16::new(0); #[rustversion::since(1.61.0)] const _NATIVE: u16 = _U.get(); const _FROM_BYTES: U16 = U16::from_bytes([0, 1]); const _BYTES: [u8; 2] = _FROM_BYTES.to_bytes(); }
#[cfg_attr(test, test)] #[cfg_attr(kani, kani::proof)] fn test_zero() { fn test_zero<T: ByteOrderType>() { assert_eq!(T::ZERO.get(), T::Native::ZERO); }
call_for_all_types!(test_zero, NativeEndian); call_for_all_types!(test_zero, NonNativeEndian); }
#[cfg_attr(test, test)] #[cfg_attr(kani, kani::proof)] fn test_max_value() { fn test_max_value<T: ByteOrderTypeUnsigned>() { assert_eq!(T::MAX_VALUE.get(), T::Native::MAX_VALUE); }
call_for_unsigned_types!(test_max_value, NativeEndian); call_for_unsigned_types!(test_max_value, NonNativeEndian); }
#[cfg_attr(test, test)] #[cfg_attr(kani, kani::proof)] fn test_endian() { fn test<T: ByteOrderType>(invert: bool) { let mut r = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(RNG_SEED); for _ in 0..RAND_ITERS { let native = T::Native::rand(&mut r); let mut bytes = T::ByteArray::default(); bytes.as_mut_bytes().copy_from_slice(native.as_bytes()); if invert { bytes = bytes.invert(); } let mut from_native = T::new(native); let from_bytes = T::from_bytes(bytes);
from_native.assert_eq_or_nan(from_bytes); from_native.get().assert_eq_or_nan(native); from_bytes.get().assert_eq_or_nan(native);
assert_eq!(from_native.into_bytes(), bytes); assert_eq!(from_bytes.into_bytes(), bytes);
let updated = T::Native::rand(&mut r); from_native.set(updated); from_native.get().assert_eq_or_nan(updated); } }
fn test_native<T: ByteOrderType>() { test::<T>(false); }
fn test_non_native<T: ByteOrderType>() { test::<T>(true); }
call_for_all_types!(test_native, NativeEndian); call_for_all_types!(test_non_native, NonNativeEndian); }
#[test] fn test_ops_impls() { // Test implementations of traits in `core::ops`. Some of these are // fairly banal, but some are optimized to perform the operation without // swapping byte order (namely, bit-wise operations which are identical // regardless of byte order). These are important to test, and while // we're testing those anyway, it's trivial to test all of the impls.
fn test<T, FTT, FTN, FNT, FNN, FNNChecked, FATT, FATN, FANT>( op_t_t: FTT, op_t_n: FTN, op_n_t: FNT, op_n_n: FNN, op_n_n_checked: Option<FNNChecked>, op_assign: Option<(FATT, FATN, FANT)>, ) where T: ByteOrderType, FTT: Fn(T, T) -> T, FTN: Fn(T, T::Native) -> T, FNT: Fn(T::Native, T) -> T, FNN: Fn(T::Native, T::Native) -> T::Native, FNNChecked: Fn(T::Native, T::Native) -> Option<T::Native>, FATT: Fn(&mut T, T), FATN: Fn(&mut T, T::Native), FANT: Fn(&mut T::Native, T), { let mut r = SmallRng::seed_from_u64(RNG_SEED); for _ in 0..RAND_ITERS { let n0 = T::Native::rand(&mut r); let n1 = T::Native::rand(&mut r); let t0 = T::new(n0); let t1 = T::new(n1);
// If this operation would overflow/underflow, skip it rather // than attempt to catch and recover from panics. if matches!(&op_n_n_checked, Some(checked) if checked(n0, n1).is_none()) { continue; }
let t_t_res = op_t_t(t0, t1); let t_n_res = op_t_n(t0, n1); let n_t_res = op_n_t(n0, t1); let n_n_res = op_n_n(n0, n1);
// For `f32` and `f64`, NaN values are not considered equal to // themselves. We store `Option<f32>`/`Option<f64>` and store // NaN as `None` so they can still be compared. let val_or_none = |t: T| (!T::Native::is_nan(t.get())).then(|| t.get()); let t_t_res = val_or_none(t_t_res); let t_n_res = val_or_none(t_n_res); let n_t_res = val_or_none(n_t_res); let n_n_res = (!T::Native::is_nan(n_n_res)).then(|| n_n_res); assert_eq!(t_t_res, n_n_res); assert_eq!(t_n_res, n_n_res); assert_eq!(n_t_res, n_n_res);
if let Some((op_assign_t_t, op_assign_t_n, op_assign_n_t)) = &op_assign { let mut t_t_res = t0; op_assign_t_t(&mut t_t_res, t1); let mut t_n_res = t0; op_assign_t_n(&mut t_n_res, n1); let mut n_t_res = n0; op_assign_n_t(&mut n_t_res, t1);
// For `f32` and `f64`, NaN values are not considered equal to // themselves. We store `Option<f32>`/`Option<f64>` and store // NaN as `None` so they can still be compared. let t_t_res = val_or_none(t_t_res); let t_n_res = val_or_none(t_n_res); let n_t_res = (!T::Native::is_nan(n_t_res)).then(|| n_t_res); assert_eq!(t_t_res, n_n_res); assert_eq!(t_n_res, n_n_res); assert_eq!(n_t_res, n_n_res); } } }
macro_rules! test { ( @binary $trait:ident, $method:ident $([$checked_method:ident])?, $trait_assign:ident, $method_assign:ident, $($call_for_macros:ident),* ) => {{ fn t<T>() where T: ByteOrderType, T: core::ops::$trait<T, Output = T>, T: core::ops::$trait<T::Native, Output = T>, T::Native: core::ops::$trait<T, Output = T>, T::Native: core::ops::$trait<T::Native, Output = T::Native>,
T: core::ops::$trait_assign<T>, T: core::ops::$trait_assign<T::Native>, T::Native: core::ops::$trait_assign<T>, T::Native: core::ops::$trait_assign<T::Native>, { test::<T, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _>( core::ops::$trait::$method, core::ops::$trait::$method, core::ops::$trait::$method, core::ops::$trait::$method, { #[allow(unused_mut, unused_assignments)] let mut op_native_checked = None::<fn(T::Native, T::Native) -> Option<T::Native>>; $( op_native_checked = Some(T::Native::$checked_method); )? op_native_checked }, Some(( <T as core::ops::$trait_assign<T>>::$method_assign, <T as core::ops::$trait_assign::<T::Native>>::$method_assign, <T::Native as core::ops::$trait_assign::<T>>::$method_assign )), ); }
$( $call_for_macros!(t, NativeEndian); $call_for_macros!(t, NonNativeEndian); )* }}; ( @unary $trait:ident, $method:ident, $($call_for_macros:ident),* ) => {{ fn t<T>() where T: ByteOrderType, T: core::ops::$trait<Output = T>, T::Native: core::ops::$trait<Output = T::Native>, { test::<T, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _>( |slf, _rhs| core::ops::$trait::$method(slf), |slf, _rhs| core::ops::$trait::$method(slf), |slf, _rhs| core::ops::$trait::$method(slf).into(), |slf, _rhs| core::ops::$trait::$method(slf), None::<fn(T::Native, T::Native) -> Option<T::Native>>, None::<(fn(&mut T, T), fn(&mut T, T::Native), fn(&mut T::Native, T))>, ); }
$( $call_for_macros!(t, NativeEndian); $call_for_macros!(t, NonNativeEndian); )* }}; }
test!(@binary Add, add[checked_add], AddAssign, add_assign, call_for_all_types); test!(@binary Div, div[checked_div], DivAssign, div_assign, call_for_all_types); test!(@binary Mul, mul[checked_mul], MulAssign, mul_assign, call_for_all_types); test!(@binary Rem, rem[checked_rem], RemAssign, rem_assign, call_for_all_types); test!(@binary Sub, sub[checked_sub], SubAssign, sub_assign, call_for_all_types);
test!(@binary BitAnd, bitand, BitAndAssign, bitand_assign, call_for_unsigned_types, call_for_signed_types); test!(@binary BitOr, bitor, BitOrAssign, bitor_assign, call_for_unsigned_types, call_for_signed_types); test!(@binary BitXor, bitxor, BitXorAssign, bitxor_assign, call_for_unsigned_types, call_for_signed_types); test!(@binary Shl, shl[checked_shl], ShlAssign, shl_assign, call_for_unsigned_types, call_for_signed_types); test!(@binary Shr, shr[checked_shr], ShrAssign, shr_assign, call_for_unsigned_types, call_for_signed_types);
test!(@unary Not, not, call_for_signed_types, call_for_unsigned_types); test!(@unary Neg, neg, call_for_signed_types, call_for_float_types); }
#[test] fn test_debug_impl() { // Ensure that Debug applies format options to the inner value. let val = U16::<LE>::new(10); assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", val), "U16(10)"); assert_eq!(format!("{:03?}", val), "U16(010)"); assert_eq!(format!("{:x?}", val), "U16(a)"); }
#[test] fn test_byteorder_traits_coverage() { let val_be = U16::<BigEndian>::from_bytes([0, 1]); let val_le = U16::<LittleEndian>::from_bytes([1, 0]);
assert_eq!(val_be.get(), 1); assert_eq!(val_le.get(), 1);
// Debug assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", val_be), "U16(1)"); assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", val_le), "U16(1)");
// PartialOrd, Ord with same type assert!(val_be >= val_be); assert!(val_be <= val_be); assert_eq!(val_be.cmp(&val_be), core::cmp::Ordering::Equal);
// PartialOrd with native assert!(val_be == 1u16); assert!(val_be >= 1u16);
// Default let default_be: U16<BigEndian> = Default::default(); assert_eq!(default_be.get(), 0);
// I16 let val_be_i16 = I16::<BigEndian>::from_bytes([0, 1]); assert_eq!(val_be_i16.get(), 1); assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", val_be_i16), "I16(1)"); assert_eq!(val_be_i16.cmp(&val_be_i16), core::cmp::Ordering::Equal); }}