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/** * DOC: Readahead Overview * * Readahead is used to read content into the page cache before it is * explicitly requested by the application. Readahead only ever * attempts to read folios that are not yet in the page cache. If a * folio is present but not up-to-date, readahead will not try to read * it. In that case a simple ->read_folio() will be requested. * * Readahead is triggered when an application read request (whether a * system call or a page fault) finds that the requested folio is not in * the page cache, or that it is in the page cache and has the * readahead flag set. This flag indicates that the folio was read * as part of a previous readahead request and now that it has been * accessed, it is time for the next readahead. * * Each readahead request is partly synchronous read, and partly async * readahead. This is reflected in the struct file_ra_state which * contains ->size being the total number of pages, and ->async_size * which is the number of pages in the async section. The readahead * flag will be set on the first folio in this async section to trigger * a subsequent readahead. Once a series of sequential reads has been * established, there should be no need for a synchronous component and * all readahead request will be fully asynchronous. * * When either of the triggers causes a readahead, three numbers need * to be determined: the start of the region to read, the size of the * region, and the size of the async tail. * * The start of the region is simply the first page address at or after * the accessed address, which is not currently populated in the page * cache. This is found with a simple search in the page cache. * * The size of the async tail is determined by subtracting the size that * was explicitly requested from the determined request size, unless * this would be less than zero - then zero is used. NOTE THIS * CALCULATION IS WRONG WHEN THE START OF THE REGION IS NOT THE ACCESSED * PAGE. ALSO THIS CALCULATION IS NOT USED CONSISTENTLY. * * The size of the region is normally determined from the size of the * previous readahead which loaded the preceding pages. This may be * discovered from the struct file_ra_state for simple sequential reads, * or from examining the state of the page cache when multiple * sequential reads are interleaved. Specifically: where the readahead * was triggered by the readahead flag, the size of the previous * readahead is assumed to be the number of pages from the triggering * page to the start of the new readahead. In these cases, the size of * the previous readahead is scaled, often doubled, for the new * readahead, though see get_next_ra_size() for details. * * If the size of the previous read cannot be determined, the number of * preceding pages in the page cache is used to estimate the size of * a previous read. This estimate could easily be misled by random * reads being coincidentally adjacent, so it is ignored unless it is * larger than the current request, and it is not scaled up, unless it * is at the start of file. * * In general readahead is accelerated at the start of the file, as * reads from there are often sequential. There are other minor * adjustments to the readahead size in various special cases and these * are best discovered by reading the code. * * The above calculation, based on the previous readahead size, * determines the size of the readahead, to which any requested read * size may be added. * * Readahead requests are sent to the filesystem using the ->readahead() * address space operation, for which mpage_readahead() is a canonical * implementation. ->readahead() should normally initiate reads on all * folios, but may fail to read any or all folios without causing an I/O * error. The page cache reading code will issue a ->read_folio() request * for any folio which ->readahead() did not read, and only an error * from this will be final. * * ->readahead() will generally call readahead_folio() repeatedly to get * each folio from those prepared for readahead. It may fail to read a * folio by: * * * not calling readahead_folio() sufficiently many times, effectively * ignoring some folios, as might be appropriate if the path to * storage is congested. * * * failing to actually submit a read request for a given folio, * possibly due to insufficient resources, or * * * getting an error during subsequent processing of a request. * * In the last two cases, the folio should be unlocked by the filesystem * to indicate that the read attempt has failed. In the first case the * folio will be unlocked by the VFS. * * Those folios not in the final ``async_size`` of the request should be * considered to be important and ->readahead() should not fail them due * to congestion or temporary resource unavailability, but should wait * for necessary resources (e.g. memory or indexing information) to * become available. Folios in the final ``async_size`` may be * considered less urgent and failure to read them is more acceptable. * In this case it is best to use filemap_remove_folio() to remove the * folios from the page cache as is automatically done for folios that * were not fetched with readahead_folio(). This will allow a * subsequent synchronous readahead request to try them again. If they * are left in the page cache, then they will be read individually using * ->read_folio() which may be less efficient. */
#include <linux/blkdev.h>#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/dax.h>#include <linux/gfp.h>#include <linux/export.h>#include <linux/backing-dev.h>#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>#include <linux/pagemap.h>#include <linux/psi.h>#include <linux/syscalls.h>#include <linux/file.h>#include <linux/mm_inline.h>#include <linux/blk-cgroup.h>#include <linux/fadvise.h>#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS#include <trace/events/readahead.h>
#include "internal.h"
/* * Initialise a struct file's readahead state. Assumes that the caller has * memset *ra to zero. */voidfile_ra_state_init(struct file_ra_state *ra, struct address_space *mapping){ ra->ra_pages = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host)->ra_pages; ra->prev_pos = -1;}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(file_ra_state_init);
/** * read_pages() - Start IO for a contiguous range of allocated folios in the * page cache. * @rac: Readahead control. * * When read_pages() returns, it is guaranteed that all of the folios will have * been processed or removed so that ``readahead_count(rac) == 0``. However, * that does not imply that ``readahead_index(rac)`` will be updated to point * to the end of the originally requested range because, for example, the * filesystem may expand the range upwards. */static void read_pages(struct readahead_control *rac){ const struct address_space_operations *aops = rac->mapping->a_ops; struct folio *folio; struct blk_plug plug;
if (!readahead_count(rac)) return;
if (unlikely(rac->_workingset)) psi_memstall_enter(&rac->_pflags); blk_start_plug(&plug);
if (aops->readahead) { aops->readahead(rac); /* Clean up the remaining folios. */ while ((folio = readahead_folio(rac)) != NULL) { folio_get(folio); filemap_remove_folio(folio); folio_unlock(folio); folio_put(folio); } } else { while ((folio = readahead_folio(rac)) != NULL) aops->read_folio(rac->file, folio); }
blk_finish_plug(&plug); if (unlikely(rac->_workingset)) psi_memstall_leave(&rac->_pflags); rac->_workingset = false;
BUG_ON(readahead_count(rac));}
static struct folio *ractl_alloc_folio(struct readahead_control *ractl, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order){ struct folio *folio;
folio = filemap_alloc_folio(gfp_mask, order, NULL); if (folio && ractl->dropbehind) __folio_set_dropbehind(folio);
return folio;}
/** * page_cache_ra_unbounded - Start unchecked readahead. * @ractl: Readahead control. * @nr_to_read: The number of pages to read. * @lookahead_size: Where to start the next readahead. * * This function is for filesystems to call when they want to start * readahead beyond a file's stated i_size. This is almost certainly * not the function you want to call. Use page_cache_async_readahead() * or page_cache_sync_readahead() instead. * * Context: File is referenced by caller, and ractl->mapping->invalidate_lock * must be held by the caller at least in shared mode. Mutexes may be held by * caller. May sleep, but will not reenter filesystem to reclaim memory. */void page_cache_ra_unbounded(struct readahead_control *ractl, unsigned long nr_to_read, unsigned long lookahead_size){ struct address_space *mapping = ractl->mapping; unsigned long index = readahead_index(ractl); gfp_t gfp_mask = readahead_gfp_mask(mapping); unsigned long mark = ULONG_MAX, i = 0; unsigned int min_nrpages = mapping_min_folio_nrpages(mapping);
/* * Partway through the readahead operation, we will have added * locked pages to the page cache, but will not yet have submitted * them for I/O. Adding another page may need to allocate memory, * which can trigger memory reclaim. Telling the VM we're in * the middle of a filesystem operation will cause it to not * touch file-backed pages, preventing a deadlock. Most (all?) * filesystems already specify __GFP_NOFS in their mapping's * gfp_mask, but let's be explicit here. */ unsigned int nofs = memalloc_nofs_save();
lockdep_assert_held(&mapping->invalidate_lock);
trace_page_cache_ra_unbounded(mapping->host, index, nr_to_read, lookahead_size); index = mapping_align_index(mapping, index);
/* * As iterator `i` is aligned to min_nrpages, round_up the * difference between nr_to_read and lookahead_size to mark the * index that only has lookahead or "async_region" to set the * readahead flag. */ if (lookahead_size <= nr_to_read) { unsigned long ra_folio_index;
ra_folio_index = round_up(readahead_index(ractl) + nr_to_read - lookahead_size, min_nrpages); mark = ra_folio_index - index; } nr_to_read += readahead_index(ractl) - index; ractl->_index = index;
/* * Preallocate as many pages as we will need. */ while (i < nr_to_read) { struct folio *folio = xa_load(&mapping->i_pages, index + i); int ret;
if (folio && !xa_is_value(folio)) { /* * Page already present? Kick off the current batch * of contiguous pages before continuing with the * next batch. This page may be the one we would * have intended to mark as Readahead, but we don't * have a stable reference to this page, and it's * not worth getting one just for that. */ read_pages(ractl); ractl->_index += min_nrpages; i = ractl->_index - index; continue; }
folio = ractl_alloc_folio(ractl, gfp_mask, mapping_min_folio_order(mapping)); if (!folio) break;
ret = filemap_add_folio(mapping, folio, index + i, gfp_mask); if (ret < 0) { folio_put(folio); if (ret == -ENOMEM) break; read_pages(ractl); ractl->_index += min_nrpages; i = ractl->_index - index; continue; } if (i == mark) folio_set_readahead(folio); ractl->_workingset |= folio_test_workingset(folio); ractl->_nr_pages += min_nrpages; i += min_nrpages; }
/* * Now start the IO. We ignore I/O errors - if the folio is not * uptodate then the caller will launch read_folio again, and * will then handle the error. */ read_pages(ractl); memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_ra_unbounded);
/* * do_page_cache_ra() actually reads a chunk of disk. It allocates * the pages first, then submits them for I/O. This avoids the very bad * behaviour which would occur if page allocations are causing VM writeback. * We really don't want to intermingle reads and writes like that. */static void do_page_cache_ra(struct readahead_control *ractl, unsigned long nr_to_read, unsigned long lookahead_size){ struct address_space *mapping = ractl->mapping; unsigned long index = readahead_index(ractl); loff_t isize = i_size_read(mapping->host); pgoff_t end_index; /* The last page we want to read */
if (isize == 0) return;
end_index = (isize - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT; if (index > end_index) return; /* Don't read past the page containing the last byte of the file */ if (nr_to_read > end_index - index) { nr_to_read = end_index - index + 1; /* We've reached the end, so don't set a readahead marker. */ lookahead_size = 0; }
filemap_invalidate_lock_shared(mapping); page_cache_ra_unbounded(ractl, nr_to_read, lookahead_size); filemap_invalidate_unlock_shared(mapping);}
/* * Chunk the readahead into 2 megabyte units, so that we don't pin too much * memory at once. */void force_page_cache_ra(struct readahead_control *ractl, unsigned long nr_to_read){ struct address_space *mapping = ractl->mapping; struct file_ra_state *ra = ractl->ra; struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host); unsigned long max_pages;
if (unlikely(!mapping->a_ops->read_folio && !mapping->a_ops->readahead)) return;
/* * If the request exceeds the readahead window, allow the read to * be up to the optimal hardware IO size */ max_pages = max_t(unsigned long, bdi->io_pages, ra->ra_pages); nr_to_read = min_t(unsigned long, nr_to_read, max_pages); while (nr_to_read) { unsigned long this_chunk = (2 * 1024 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;
if (this_chunk > nr_to_read) this_chunk = nr_to_read; do_page_cache_ra(ractl, this_chunk, 0);
nr_to_read -= this_chunk; }}
/* * Set the initial window size, round to next power of 2 and square * for small size, x 4 for medium, and x 2 for large * for 128k (32 page) max ra * 1-2 page = 16k, 3-4 page 32k, 5-8 page = 64k, > 8 page = 128k initial */static unsigned long get_init_ra_size(unsigned long size, unsigned long max){ unsigned long newsize = roundup_pow_of_two(size);
if (newsize <= max / 32) newsize = newsize * 4; else if (newsize <= max / 4) newsize = newsize * 2; else newsize = max;
return newsize;}
/* * Get the previous window size, ramp it up, and * return it as the new window size. */static unsigned long get_next_ra_size(struct file_ra_state *ra, unsigned long max){ unsigned long cur = ra->size;
if (cur < max / 16) return 4 * cur; if (cur <= max / 2) return 2 * cur; return max;}
/* * On-demand readahead design. * * The fields in struct file_ra_state represent the most-recently-executed * readahead attempt: * * |<----- async_size ---------| * |------------------- size -------------------->| * |==================#===========================| * ^start ^page marked with PG_readahead * * To overlap application thinking time and disk I/O time, we do * `readahead pipelining': Do not wait until the application consumed all * readahead pages and stalled on the missing page at readahead_index; * Instead, submit an asynchronous readahead I/O as soon as there are * only async_size pages left in the readahead window. Normally async_size * will be equal to size, for maximum pipelining. * * In interleaved sequential reads, concurrent streams on the same fd can * be invalidating each other's readahead state. So we flag the new readahead * page at (start+size-async_size) with PG_readahead, and use it as readahead * indicator. The flag won't be set on already cached pages, to avoid the * readahead-for-nothing fuss, saving pointless page cache lookups. * * prev_pos tracks the last visited byte in the _previous_ read request. * It should be maintained by the caller, and will be used for detecting * small random reads. Note that the readahead algorithm checks loosely * for sequential patterns. Hence interleaved reads might be served as * sequential ones. * * There is a special-case: if the first page which the application tries to * read happens to be the first page of the file, it is assumed that a linear * read is about to happen and the window is immediately set to the initial size * based on I/O request size and the max_readahead. * * The code ramps up the readahead size aggressively at first, but slow down as * it approaches max_readahead. */
static inline int ra_alloc_folio(struct readahead_control *ractl, pgoff_t index, pgoff_t mark, unsigned int order, gfp_t gfp){ int err; struct folio *folio = ractl_alloc_folio(ractl, gfp, order);
if (!folio) return -ENOMEM; mark = round_down(mark, 1UL << order); if (index == mark) folio_set_readahead(folio); err = filemap_add_folio(ractl->mapping, folio, index, gfp); if (err) { folio_put(folio); return err; }
ractl->_nr_pages += 1UL << order; ractl->_workingset |= folio_test_workingset(folio); return 0;}
void page_cache_ra_order(struct readahead_control *ractl, struct file_ra_state *ra){ struct address_space *mapping = ractl->mapping; pgoff_t start = readahead_index(ractl); pgoff_t index = start; unsigned int min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(mapping); pgoff_t limit = (i_size_read(mapping->host) - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT; pgoff_t mark; unsigned int nofs; int err = 0; gfp_t gfp = readahead_gfp_mask(mapping); unsigned int new_order = ra->order;
trace_page_cache_ra_order(mapping->host, start, ra); if (!mapping_large_folio_support(mapping)) { ra->order = 0; goto fallback; }
if (limit > index + ra->size - 1) { limit = index + ra->size - 1; mark = index + ra->size - ra->async_size; } else { /* We've reached the end, so don't set a readahead marker. */ mark = ULONG_MAX; }
new_order = min(mapping_max_folio_order(mapping), new_order); new_order = min_t(unsigned int, new_order, ilog2(ra->size)); new_order = max(new_order, min_order);
ra->order = new_order;
/* See comment in page_cache_ra_unbounded() */ nofs = memalloc_nofs_save(); filemap_invalidate_lock_shared(mapping); /* * If the new_order is greater than min_order and index is * already aligned to new_order, then this will be noop as index * aligned to new_order should also be aligned to min_order. */ ractl->_index = mapping_align_index(mapping, index); index = readahead_index(ractl);
while (index <= limit) { unsigned int order = new_order;
/* Align with smaller pages if needed */ if (index & ((1UL << order) - 1)) order = __ffs(index); /* Don't allocate pages past EOF */ while (order > min_order && index + (1UL << order) - 1 > limit) order--; err = ra_alloc_folio(ractl, index, mark, order, gfp); if (err) break; index += 1UL << order; }
read_pages(ractl); filemap_invalidate_unlock_shared(mapping); memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs);
/* * If there were already pages in the page cache, then we may have * left some gaps. Let the regular readahead code take care of this * situation below. */ if (!err) return;fallback: /* * ->readahead() may have updated readahead window size so we have to * check there's still something to read. */ if (ra->size > index - start) do_page_cache_ra(ractl, ra->size - (index - start), ra->async_size);}
static unsigned long ractl_max_pages(struct readahead_control *ractl, unsigned long req_size){ struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(ractl->mapping->host); unsigned long max_pages = ractl->ra->ra_pages;
/* * If the request exceeds the readahead window, allow the read to * be up to the optimal hardware IO size */ if (req_size > max_pages && bdi->io_pages > max_pages) max_pages = min(req_size, bdi->io_pages); return max_pages;}
void page_cache_sync_ra(struct readahead_control *ractl, unsigned long req_count){ pgoff_t index = readahead_index(ractl); bool do_forced_ra = ractl->file && (ractl->file->f_mode & FMODE_RANDOM); struct file_ra_state *ra = ractl->ra; unsigned long max_pages, contig_count; pgoff_t prev_index, miss;
trace_page_cache_sync_ra(ractl->mapping->host, index, ra, req_count); /* * Even if readahead is disabled, issue this request as readahead * as we'll need it to satisfy the requested range. The forced * readahead will do the right thing and limit the read to just the * requested range, which we'll set to 1 page for this case. */ if (!ra->ra_pages || blk_cgroup_congested()) { if (!ractl->file) return; req_count = 1; do_forced_ra = true; }
/* be dumb */ if (do_forced_ra) { force_page_cache_ra(ractl, req_count); return; }
max_pages = ractl_max_pages(ractl, req_count); prev_index = (unsigned long long)ra->prev_pos >> PAGE_SHIFT; /* * A start of file, oversized read, or sequential cache miss: * trivial case: (index - prev_index) == 1 * unaligned reads: (index - prev_index) == 0 */ if (!index || req_count > max_pages || index - prev_index <= 1UL) { ra->start = index; ra->size = get_init_ra_size(req_count, max_pages); ra->async_size = ra->size > req_count ? ra->size - req_count : ra->size >> 1; goto readit; }
/* * Query the page cache and look for the traces(cached history pages) * that a sequential stream would leave behind. */ rcu_read_lock(); miss = page_cache_prev_miss(ractl->mapping, index - 1, max_pages); rcu_read_unlock(); contig_count = index - miss - 1; /* * Standalone, small random read. Read as is, and do not pollute the * readahead state. */ if (contig_count <= req_count) { do_page_cache_ra(ractl, req_count, 0); return; } /* * File cached from the beginning: * it is a strong indication of long-run stream (or whole-file-read) */ if (miss == ULONG_MAX) contig_count *= 2; ra->start = index; ra->size = min(contig_count + req_count, max_pages); ra->async_size = 1;readit: ra->order = 0; ractl->_index = ra->start; page_cache_ra_order(ractl, ra);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_sync_ra);
void page_cache_async_ra(struct readahead_control *ractl, struct folio *folio, unsigned long req_count){ unsigned long max_pages; struct file_ra_state *ra = ractl->ra; pgoff_t index = readahead_index(ractl); pgoff_t expected, start, end, aligned_end, align;
/* no readahead */ if (!ra->ra_pages) return;
/* * Same bit is used for PG_readahead and PG_reclaim. */ if (folio_test_writeback(folio)) return;
trace_page_cache_async_ra(ractl->mapping->host, index, ra, req_count); folio_clear_readahead(folio);
if (blk_cgroup_congested()) return;
max_pages = ractl_max_pages(ractl, req_count); /* * It's the expected callback index, assume sequential access. * Ramp up sizes, and push forward the readahead window. */ expected = round_down(ra->start + ra->size - ra->async_size, folio_nr_pages(folio)); if (index == expected) { ra->start += ra->size; /* * In the case of MADV_HUGEPAGE, the actual size might exceed * the readahead window. */ ra->size = max(ra->size, get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages)); goto readit; }
/* * Hit a marked folio without valid readahead state. * E.g. interleaved reads. * Query the pagecache for async_size, which normally equals to * readahead size. Ramp it up and use it as the new readahead size. */ rcu_read_lock(); start = page_cache_next_miss(ractl->mapping, index + 1, max_pages); rcu_read_unlock();
if (!start || start - index > max_pages) return;
ra->start = start; ra->size = start - index; /* old async_size */ ra->size += req_count; ra->size = get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages);readit: ra->order += 2; align = 1UL << min(ra->order, ffs(max_pages) - 1); end = ra->start + ra->size; aligned_end = round_down(end, align); if (aligned_end > ra->start) ra->size -= end - aligned_end; ra->async_size = ra->size; ractl->_index = ra->start; page_cache_ra_order(ractl, ra);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_async_ra);
ssize_t ksys_readahead(int fd, loff_t offset, size_t count){ struct file *file; const struct inode *inode;
CLASS(fd, f)(fd); if (fd_empty(f)) return -EBADF;
file = fd_file(f); if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ)) return -EBADF;
/* * The readahead() syscall is intended to run only on files * that can execute readahead. If readahead is not possible * on this file, then we must return -EINVAL. */ if (!file->f_mapping) return -EINVAL; if (!file->f_mapping->a_ops) return -EINVAL;
inode = file_inode(file); if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) return -EINVAL; if (IS_ANON_FILE(inode)) return -EINVAL;
return vfs_fadvise(fd_file(f), offset, count, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);}
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(readahead, int, fd, loff_t, offset, size_t, count){ return ksys_readahead(fd, offset, count);}
#if defined(CONFIG_COMPAT) && defined(__ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_READAHEAD)COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(readahead, int, fd, compat_arg_u64_dual(offset), size_t, count){ return ksys_readahead(fd, compat_arg_u64_glue(offset), count);}#endif
/** * readahead_expand - Expand a readahead request * @ractl: The request to be expanded * @new_start: The revised start * @new_len: The revised size of the request * * Attempt to expand a readahead request outwards from the current size to the * specified size by inserting locked pages before and after the current window * to increase the size to the new window. This may involve the insertion of * THPs, in which case the window may get expanded even beyond what was * requested. * * The algorithm will stop if it encounters a conflicting page already in the * pagecache and leave a smaller expansion than requested. * * The caller must check for this by examining the revised @ractl object for a * different expansion than was requested. */void readahead_expand(struct readahead_control *ractl, loff_t new_start, size_t new_len){ struct address_space *mapping = ractl->mapping; struct file_ra_state *ra = ractl->ra; pgoff_t new_index, new_nr_pages; gfp_t gfp_mask = readahead_gfp_mask(mapping); unsigned long min_nrpages = mapping_min_folio_nrpages(mapping); unsigned int min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(mapping);
new_index = new_start / PAGE_SIZE; /* * Readahead code should have aligned the ractl->_index to * min_nrpages before calling readahead aops. */ VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(ractl->_index, min_nrpages));
/* Expand the leading edge downwards */ while (ractl->_index > new_index) { unsigned long index = ractl->_index - 1; struct folio *folio = xa_load(&mapping->i_pages, index);
if (folio && !xa_is_value(folio)) return; /* Folio apparently present */
folio = ractl_alloc_folio(ractl, gfp_mask, min_order); if (!folio) return;
index = mapping_align_index(mapping, index); if (filemap_add_folio(mapping, folio, index, gfp_mask) < 0) { folio_put(folio); return; } if (unlikely(folio_test_workingset(folio)) && !ractl->_workingset) { ractl->_workingset = true; psi_memstall_enter(&ractl->_pflags); } ractl->_nr_pages += min_nrpages; ractl->_index = folio->index; }
new_len += new_start - readahead_pos(ractl); new_nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(new_len, PAGE_SIZE);
/* Expand the trailing edge upwards */ while (ractl->_nr_pages < new_nr_pages) { unsigned long index = ractl->_index + ractl->_nr_pages; struct folio *folio = xa_load(&mapping->i_pages, index);
if (folio && !xa_is_value(folio)) return; /* Folio apparently present */
folio = ractl_alloc_folio(ractl, gfp_mask, min_order); if (!folio) return;
index = mapping_align_index(mapping, index); if (filemap_add_folio(mapping, folio, index, gfp_mask) < 0) { folio_put(folio); return; } if (unlikely(folio_test_workingset(folio)) && !ractl->_workingset) { ractl->_workingset = true; psi_memstall_enter(&ractl->_pflags); } ractl->_nr_pages += min_nrpages; if (ra) { ra->size += min_nrpages; ra->async_size += min_nrpages; } }}EXPORT_SYMBOL(readahead_expand);