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Linux kernel mirror (for testing) git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
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123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0/* * A fast, small, non-recursive O(n log n) sort for the Linux kernel * * This performs n*log2(n) + 0.37*n + o(n) comparisons on average, * and 1.5*n*log2(n) + O(n) in the (very contrived) worst case. * * Quicksort manages n*log2(n) - 1.26*n for random inputs (1.63*n * better) at the expense of stack usage and much larger code to avoid * quicksort's O(n^2) worst case. */
#include <linux/types.h>#include <linux/export.h>#include <linux/sort.h>
/** * is_aligned - is this pointer & size okay for word-wide copying? * @base: pointer to data * @size: size of each element * @align: required alignment (typically 4 or 8) * * Returns true if elements can be copied using word loads and stores. * The size must be a multiple of the alignment, and the base address must * be if we do not have CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS. * * For some reason, gcc doesn't know to optimize "if (a & mask || b & mask)" * to "if ((a | b) & mask)", so we do that by hand. */__attribute_const__ __always_inlinestatic bool is_aligned(const void *base, size_t size, unsigned char align){ unsigned char lsbits = (unsigned char)size;
(void)base;#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS lsbits |= (unsigned char)(uintptr_t)base;#endif return (lsbits & (align - 1)) == 0;}
/** * swap_words_32 - swap two elements in 32-bit chunks * @a: pointer to the first element to swap * @b: pointer to the second element to swap * @n: element size (must be a multiple of 4) * * Exchange the two objects in memory. This exploits base+index addressing, * which basically all CPUs have, to minimize loop overhead computations. * * For some reason, on x86 gcc 7.3.0 adds a redundant test of n at the * bottom of the loop, even though the zero flag is still valid from the * subtract (since the intervening mov instructions don't alter the flags). * Gcc 8.1.0 doesn't have that problem. */static void swap_words_32(void *a, void *b, size_t n){ do { u32 t = *(u32 *)(a + (n -= 4)); *(u32 *)(a + n) = *(u32 *)(b + n); *(u32 *)(b + n) = t; } while (n);}
/** * swap_words_64 - swap two elements in 64-bit chunks * @a: pointer to the first element to swap * @b: pointer to the second element to swap * @n: element size (must be a multiple of 8) * * Exchange the two objects in memory. This exploits base+index * addressing, which basically all CPUs have, to minimize loop overhead * computations. * * We'd like to use 64-bit loads if possible. If they're not, emulating * one requires base+index+4 addressing which x86 has but most other * processors do not. If CONFIG_64BIT, we definitely have 64-bit loads, * but it's possible to have 64-bit loads without 64-bit pointers (e.g. * x32 ABI). Are there any cases the kernel needs to worry about? */static void swap_words_64(void *a, void *b, size_t n){ do {#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT u64 t = *(u64 *)(a + (n -= 8)); *(u64 *)(a + n) = *(u64 *)(b + n); *(u64 *)(b + n) = t;#else /* Use two 32-bit transfers to avoid base+index+4 addressing */ u32 t = *(u32 *)(a + (n -= 4)); *(u32 *)(a + n) = *(u32 *)(b + n); *(u32 *)(b + n) = t;
t = *(u32 *)(a + (n -= 4)); *(u32 *)(a + n) = *(u32 *)(b + n); *(u32 *)(b + n) = t;#endif } while (n);}
/** * swap_bytes - swap two elements a byte at a time * @a: pointer to the first element to swap * @b: pointer to the second element to swap * @n: element size * * This is the fallback if alignment doesn't allow using larger chunks. */static void swap_bytes(void *a, void *b, size_t n){ do { char t = ((char *)a)[--n]; ((char *)a)[n] = ((char *)b)[n]; ((char *)b)[n] = t; } while (n);}
/* * The values are arbitrary as long as they can't be confused with * a pointer, but small integers make for the smallest compare * instructions. */#define SWAP_WORDS_64 (swap_r_func_t)0#define SWAP_WORDS_32 (swap_r_func_t)1#define SWAP_BYTES (swap_r_func_t)2#define SWAP_WRAPPER (swap_r_func_t)3
struct wrapper { cmp_func_t cmp; swap_func_t swap;};
/* * The function pointer is last to make tail calls most efficient if the * compiler decides not to inline this function. */static void do_swap(void *a, void *b, size_t size, swap_r_func_t swap_func, const void *priv){ if (swap_func == SWAP_WRAPPER) { ((const struct wrapper *)priv)->swap(a, b, (int)size); return; }
if (swap_func == SWAP_WORDS_64) swap_words_64(a, b, size); else if (swap_func == SWAP_WORDS_32) swap_words_32(a, b, size); else if (swap_func == SWAP_BYTES) swap_bytes(a, b, size); else swap_func(a, b, (int)size, priv);}
#define _CMP_WRAPPER ((cmp_r_func_t)0L)
static int do_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, cmp_r_func_t cmp, const void *priv){ if (cmp == _CMP_WRAPPER) return ((const struct wrapper *)priv)->cmp(a, b); return cmp(a, b, priv);}
/** * parent - given the offset of the child, find the offset of the parent. * @i: the offset of the heap element whose parent is sought. Non-zero. * @lsbit: a precomputed 1-bit mask, equal to "size & -size" * @size: size of each element * * In terms of array indexes, the parent of element j = @i/@size is simply * (j-1)/2. But when working in byte offsets, we can't use implicit * truncation of integer divides. * * Fortunately, we only need one bit of the quotient, not the full divide. * @size has a least significant bit. That bit will be clear if @i is * an even multiple of @size, and set if it's an odd multiple. * * Logically, we're doing "if (i & lsbit) i -= size;", but since the * branch is unpredictable, it's done with a bit of clever branch-free * code instead. */__attribute_const__ __always_inlinestatic size_t parent(size_t i, unsigned int lsbit, size_t size){ i -= size; i -= size & -(i & lsbit); return i / 2;}
#include <linux/sched.h>
static void __sort_r(void *base, size_t num, size_t size, cmp_r_func_t cmp_func, swap_r_func_t swap_func, const void *priv, bool may_schedule){ /* pre-scale counters for performance */ size_t n = num * size, a = (num/2) * size; const unsigned int lsbit = size & -size; /* Used to find parent */ size_t shift = 0;
if (!a) /* num < 2 || size == 0 */ return;
/* called from 'sort' without swap function, let's pick the default */ if (swap_func == SWAP_WRAPPER && !((struct wrapper *)priv)->swap) swap_func = NULL;
if (!swap_func) { if (is_aligned(base, size, 8)) swap_func = SWAP_WORDS_64; else if (is_aligned(base, size, 4)) swap_func = SWAP_WORDS_32; else swap_func = SWAP_BYTES; }
/* * Loop invariants: * 1. elements [a,n) satisfy the heap property (compare greater than * all of their children), * 2. elements [n,num*size) are sorted, and * 3. a <= b <= c <= d <= n (whenever they are valid). */ for (;;) { size_t b, c, d;
if (a) /* Building heap: sift down a */ a -= size << shift; else if (n > 3 * size) { /* Sorting: Extract two largest elements */ n -= size; do_swap(base, base + n, size, swap_func, priv); shift = do_cmp(base + size, base + 2 * size, cmp_func, priv) <= 0; a = size << shift; n -= size; do_swap(base + a, base + n, size, swap_func, priv); } else { /* Sort complete */ break; }
/* * Sift element at "a" down into heap. This is the * "bottom-up" variant, which significantly reduces * calls to cmp_func(): we find the sift-down path all * the way to the leaves (one compare per level), then * backtrack to find where to insert the target element. * * Because elements tend to sift down close to the leaves, * this uses fewer compares than doing two per level * on the way down. (A bit more than half as many on * average, 3/4 worst-case.) */ for (b = a; c = 2*b + size, (d = c + size) < n;) b = do_cmp(base + c, base + d, cmp_func, priv) > 0 ? c : d; if (d == n) /* Special case last leaf with no sibling */ b = c;
/* Now backtrack from "b" to the correct location for "a" */ while (b != a && do_cmp(base + a, base + b, cmp_func, priv) >= 0) b = parent(b, lsbit, size); c = b; /* Where "a" belongs */ while (b != a) { /* Shift it into place */ b = parent(b, lsbit, size); do_swap(base + b, base + c, size, swap_func, priv); }
if (may_schedule) cond_resched(); }
n -= size; do_swap(base, base + n, size, swap_func, priv); if (n == size * 2 && do_cmp(base, base + size, cmp_func, priv) > 0) do_swap(base, base + size, size, swap_func, priv);}
/** * sort_r - sort an array of elements * @base: pointer to data to sort * @num: number of elements * @size: size of each element * @cmp_func: pointer to comparison function * @swap_func: pointer to swap function or NULL * @priv: third argument passed to comparison function * * This function does a heapsort on the given array. You may provide * a swap_func function if you need to do something more than a memory * copy (e.g. fix up pointers or auxiliary data), but the built-in swap * avoids a slow retpoline and so is significantly faster. * * The comparison function must adhere to specific mathematical * properties to ensure correct and stable sorting: * - Antisymmetry: cmp_func(a, b) must return the opposite sign of * cmp_func(b, a). * - Transitivity: if cmp_func(a, b) <= 0 and cmp_func(b, c) <= 0, then * cmp_func(a, c) <= 0. * * Sorting time is O(n log n) both on average and worst-case. While * quicksort is slightly faster on average, it suffers from exploitable * O(n*n) worst-case behavior and extra memory requirements that make * it less suitable for kernel use. */void sort_r(void *base, size_t num, size_t size, cmp_r_func_t cmp_func, swap_r_func_t swap_func, const void *priv){ __sort_r(base, num, size, cmp_func, swap_func, priv, false);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(sort_r);
/** * sort_r_nonatomic - sort an array of elements, with cond_resched * @base: pointer to data to sort * @num: number of elements * @size: size of each element * @cmp_func: pointer to comparison function * @swap_func: pointer to swap function or NULL * @priv: third argument passed to comparison function * * Same as sort_r, but preferred for larger arrays as it does a periodic * cond_resched(). */void sort_r_nonatomic(void *base, size_t num, size_t size, cmp_r_func_t cmp_func, swap_r_func_t swap_func, const void *priv){ __sort_r(base, num, size, cmp_func, swap_func, priv, true);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(sort_r_nonatomic);
void sort(void *base, size_t num, size_t size, cmp_func_t cmp_func, swap_func_t swap_func){ struct wrapper w = { .cmp = cmp_func, .swap = swap_func, };
return __sort_r(base, num, size, _CMP_WRAPPER, SWAP_WRAPPER, &w, false);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(sort);
void sort_nonatomic(void *base, size_t num, size_t size, cmp_func_t cmp_func, swap_func_t swap_func){ struct wrapper w = { .cmp = cmp_func, .swap = swap_func, };
return __sort_r(base, num, size, _CMP_WRAPPER, SWAP_WRAPPER, &w, true);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(sort_nonatomic);