Boot partition seeds #

Flash Raspberry Pi OS Lite 32-bit (armhf — the Pi 1 is ARMv6) to the card, then copy these onto the FAT bootfs partition:

• user-data — fill in the password hash (openssl passwd -6)
• network-config.example → network-config — fill in the Wi-Fi password

The instance-id gotcha #

cloud-init applies network config and creates users only when it believes this is a new machine. To force a re-run on an already-booted card, edit meta-data on the boot partition and add/bump:

instance-id: something-new

The stock file ships an instance_id: key (underscore) whose comment claims this works — it is ignored. The hyphenated instance-id: is the real key.